Hypoallergenic diet for children and adults - allowed and forbidden foods, menu

An urgent problem of a modern man is allergy. This is a kind of reaction of the body to the action of special substances called allergens. A person encounters them while breathing, while eating or coming in contact with the skin. Allergies can affect men and women, children and adults. The main method of treatment and prevention is the diet with hypoallergenic diet. It is suitable not only for people suffering from allergies, but also for breastfeeding mothers, who can improve the quality of breast milk with the help of such a menu.

What is a hypoallergenic diet?

In medicine, allergy is a condition in which there is an increased sensitivity to external or internal stimuli. In this case, the human body perceives harmless substances as antigens. Even with minimal contact with an allergen, a large amount of IgE is produced. The mechanism of formation of an allergic reaction:

1. IgE immunoglobulin, after the first contact with the allergen, detects it and combines with mast cells and basophils (cells of the immune system).
2. The result is a complex one. It consists of an allergen, IgE, and a mast cell or basophil.
3. The complex with basophils with blood circulation penetrates into various organs: skin, nose, lungs, stomach and with mast cells remains immobile.
4. Once they re-enter the body, basophils and mast cells secrete special substances - histamine and serotonin. They are necessary to fight the irritant.

Histamine with serotonin and cause allergic reactions: smooth muscle spasm and capillary dilation, leading to thickening of the blood and swelling. As allergies are often caused by food, the diet should be included in the treatment regimen, in addition to antihistamines. It also plays an important role in allergic reactions to drugs used in poultry and animal husbandry (antibiotics, salicylates). The diet is based on the following principles:

• exclusion of products containing cross-linked and causal allergens;
• eating only fresh produce.
• Rejection of histamine-releasers - products that cause the gastrointestinal tract to secrete histamine from its cells: chocolate, cow's milk, coffee, wheat bran, orange juice.
• restriction on the diet of animal proteins;
• exclusion of preservatives and products containing dyes, preservatives and flavorings;
• restriction of simple carbohydrates, salt, fried, spicy and salty foods, alcohol.
• Rejection of histamine carriers - foods with a high level of histamine in the composition (tomatoes, strawberries, hazelnuts, cocoa, spinach).

General principles

For allergy sufferers, there is a special diet - table number 5 GA (hypoallergenic). It is based on the therapeutic diet No. 5, which is prescribed for diseases of the biliary system and liver. Adults should eat according to the principles of Table 5 for 3 weeks, children - 10 days. This is enough for the permanent disappearance of the manifestations of allergy. In the future, the diet is built taking into account the following principles:

• Once the symptoms begin to subside, you can switch from anti-allergic foods to a less restrictive diet and gradually expand your diet to foods with moderate allergenicity.
• Initially, low-fat boiled white fish, bread, chives, fruit purees, compotes are imported.
• Throughout the diet, food is boiled or steamed. Frying and baking will increase the allergen content.
• The diet should be complete in terms of protein, fat and crude carbohydrates.
• Each new food product is introduced no more often than once every 3 days. If there is no negative reaction to it, you can leave it on the menu.
• The best dietary option is fractional, in which the number of meals per day reaches 5-6 times.
• Products containing digestible carbohydrates are completely prohibited: sweets, honey, jam, chocolate. Instead of sugar, you can use aspartame, saccharin or xylitol.
• If the cause of the allergy is not identified, then all the etiologically important allergens should be excluded: strawberries, nuts, chocolate, honey, eggs, seafood, caviar, citrus fruits, melon, tomatoes.
• It is important to enrich the diet with calcium, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. This trace element is found in cottage cheese, in fermented dairy products.
• All dishes containing an allergenic product are excluded from the diet menu. For example, if a reaction occurs in the eggs, then you should give up creams, mayonnaise, pots, rich flour products.

Indications

Diet is not only effective for food allergies. A special diet helps reduce the effect of allergens and other groups (medicinal, fungal, pollen, household). In a diet, a person reduces the risk of increased clinical symptoms of the following diseases:

• Quincke edema.
• allergic rhinitis?
• urticaria;
• pathologies of the digestive tract, in which the process of assimilation of nutrients is disrupted.
• atopic dermatitis;
• asthma;
• allergic fever.

List of hypoallergenic foods

When preparing the first dishes, it is recommended to use vegetable broth without frying. It must be weak, ie after 1-2 boils, the water is drained. It is allowed to add various garden herbs. Of the cereals it is useful to use oatmeal, buckwheat, wheat. Potatoes are allowed as a side dish in the form of puree, but only cooked in water. From fermented dairy products, you can use fresh low-fat cottage cheese, yogurt without additives.

To enrich the body with fats, you should include sunflower oil or olive oil in your diet. Pasta should only be made from durum wheat. Other hypoallergenic products:

Name	Calories per 100 g, kcal	Fat per 100 gr. , gr	Carbohydrates per 100 g. , gr	Proteins per 100 g. , gr
Vegetables, herbs
Eggplant	24	0. 1	4. 5	1, 2
Pumpkin	24	0. 3	4. 6	0. 6
cucumbers	15	0. 1	2. 8	0, 8
Cabbage	27	0. 1	0. 1	1. 8
Squash	19	0. 1	4. 3	0. 6
Broccoli	28	0, 4	5. 2	3. 0
Celery	12	0. 1	2. 1	0, 9
Lentils	284	1. 5	42. 7	24. 0
Garlic	143	0, 5	29. 9	6. 5
Asparagus	twenty	0. 1	3. 1	1. 9
Onion	41	0, 0	10. 4	1. 4
Beans	123	0, 5	21. 5	7. 8
Cereals
Oatmeal	342	6. 1	59, 5	12. 3
Buckwheat	313	3. 3	62. 1	12. 6
Wheat bran	296	3. 8	53. 6	15. 1
Semolina	328	1. 0	73. 3	10. 3
Cereals	366	7. 2	69. 3	11. 9
Fruit
peaches	46	0. 1	11. 3	0, 9
Nectarines	48	0. 2	11. 8	0, 9
Apples	47	0, 4	9. 8	0, 4
Pears	42	0. 2	10. 9	0, 4
Dairy products
Kefir 0%	thirty	0. 1	3. 8	3. 0
Kefir 1%	40	1. 0	4. 0	2. 8
curd 0, 6%	88	0. 6	1. 8	18. 0
Meat
Boiled chicken	170	7. 4	0, 0	25. 2
Boiled turkey fillet	130	1. 0	0, 0	25. 0
Boiled beef	254	16. 8	0, 0	25. 8
Beef stew	232	18. 3	0, 0	16. 8
A fish
Flounder	90	3. 0	0, 0	15. 7
Flounder	103	3. 0	0, 0	18. 9
Cod	69	0. 6	0, 0	16. 0
Seaweed	49	5. 1	0, 0	0, 8
Drinks
Rose juice	70	0, 0	17. 6	0. 1

Prohibited foods

The list of prohibited foods includes fish and meat broths. It is also necessary to refuse a hypoallergenic diet of fatty varieties of red meat, poultry (goose and duck), whole milk and most types of sausages. Strong allergens are citrus fruits, sweets, seafood (squid, mussels, shrimp). The same goes for all savory, pickled, canned. The ban also includes:

• Red currant?
• lemons, mangoes, grapes, grapefruits, pomegranate, bananas, oranges, tangerines.
• nuts, raisins;
• carrots, salad peppers, tomatoes;
• White rice?
• jam, sweets, ice cream, cakes;
• condensed milk, cream 30%, 40%, cheese, cottage cheese 18%.
• vinegar, mayonnaise;
• lamb, smoked chicken, sausages, sausages, pork fat.
• semi-processed fish and canned food, mackerel, sardines, caviar.
• butter margarine, coconut oil and palm oil.
• White dessert and dry wines, vodka, brandy, beer, liqueur.
• cola, coffee, pepsi, sprite;
• cranberries.

Hypoallergenic diet menu

Keeping a food diary can help alleviate allergies when following a hypoallergenic diet. In it, you can record the foods or meals used for the diet and the reaction to them. Because of this, it will be possible to accurately identify allergens and exclude them from your menu. In addition, a diary makes it easy to keep track of the variety in your diet. This is important because scientists have found that with the same menu, allergies are more likely to occur. In the diary, you can prescribe many options for a hypoallergenic diet menu and then buy only the necessary ingredients.

For children

A hypoallergenic menu for a child is made according to the same principles as for adults. There is only one significant difference - with long-term adherence to such a diet, there is a high risk of deficiency of protein, carbohydrates and micronutrients. This leads to a delay in physical development. Table number 5 is used depending on the state of health for 7-10 days only for the beginning. The doctor then selects individual hypoallergenic products for children. Menu options:

Selection of diet menu	breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Thick buckwheat porridge, cheese, apple, tea.	Potato soup with noodles, steamed cutlet with boiled vegetables, compote.	Boiled meat with boiled potatoes, tea.
2	Oatmeal in water, dry crackers.	Lean beef soup without carrots, corn salad, Chinese cabbage and cucumber salad.	Steamed beef pasta with boiled cauliflower, compote.
3	Buckwheat flakes with kefir.	Mashed potatoes in water, boiled cauliflower, lean beef, berry jelly.	Chicken stew with peas and vegetables.

For adults

If the hypoallergenic diet for children lasts 7-10 days, then adults can follow it longer - up to 2-3 weeks. The menu in both cases is practically no different, since the same list of anti-allergic products is used for its construction. Diet options for the day for adults:

Menu selection	breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Buckwheat porridge, green tea with croutons, baked apple.	Steamed chicken cutlets, vegetable soup, rose broth.	Vinaigrette, tea with diet cookies.
2	Semolina porridge in water, fresh cottage cheese with low fat, apple juice with biscuit.	Meat cutlets, vegetable soup with wheat grains, tea with biscuit cookies.	Puree peas, meatballs.
3	Casserole with cottage cheese, kefir.	Beef cutlets, buckwheat porridge, vegetable soup.	Cabbage and zucchini soup, steamed cutlets, rose broth.

Hypoallergenic recipes

The basic principle for choosing recipes is that ready meals should have a beneficial effect on the digestive system. For this reason, salting, fermentation and fermentation are completely excluded. Steam or boiling is considered gentle on the stomach. Such preparation methods help to reduce the allergenic effect of the ingredients used. Fruits and vegetables are also best eaten not raw, but boiled or cooked.

First

Soups are mainly included in the list of the first hypoallergenic dishes. Potatoes are often used for cooking. It is recommended to soak it in cold water beforehand. It takes a few hours to reduce the amount of starch in a vegetable. The stock of soup should be the second or third. This means that after boiling, the liquid is drained 1-2 times. So the fat content of the prepared soup will be much lower.

Vegetable soup with wheat grains

The peculiarity of this soup lies in a special ingredient - celery. Dishes with it are often found in different diets, including hypoallergenic. Celery has a carrot flavor with parsley. Its leaves have a spicy and fresh aroma. The benefits of celery are not only for allergies, but also for weight loss. In the soup according to this recipe it is combined with potatoes, cabbage and dill. Garlic adds a little spice to the dish.

Components:

• onions - 0, 5-1 pcs. ;
• white cabbage - 100 g;
• chopped wheat semolina (oatmeal) - 50 g.
• celery - 1 small root;
• water - 1, 5-1, 6 l;
• potato tubers - 3 pcs.
• dill or other greens - 1 twig.
• clove of garlic - 2 pcs.

Cooking method:

1. Boil water, dip the oatmeal.
2. Then chop the peeled potatoes and add to the broth.
3. Peel an onion, finely chop it and add it to the remaining ingredients.
4. Rinse the celery, dip in broth.
5. After it boils again, lower the heat.
6. Simmer for 15-20 minutes under the lid.
7. Take out some of the potatoes, mash and return.
8. Rinse the cabbage leaves, dry, chop and put in almost ready soup.
9. Cook for another 10 minutes, then remove and discard the celery.
10. Finely chop the greens and garlic cloves, season the soup with salt and pepper.

Potato soup with noodles

This dish requires a minimal amount of food. The soup is suitable for both adults and children. The onions in the broth are practically not noticeable, since they are cooked. Due to the fact that the vegetable is placed at the beginning of cooking, the meat turns out very tasty. It is allowed to replace the chicken with lean beef, but this will make the soup a little thicker and it will take 30-60 minutes longer to cook.

Components:

• small onion - 1 pc. ;
• greens - to your taste.
• chicken fillet - 800 g;
• high quality snakes - 200 g;
• potato tubers - 4-5 pcs.
• water - 4 liters.

Cooking method:

1. Pour well-washed meat with water, put the pan on maximum heat.
2. Bring to a boil, drain the liquid.
3. Pour the same amount of water again, boil again, remove the foam.
4. At this time, peel the onion from the peel, chop finely, add it to the broth.
5. Lower the heat, cook for 30-40 minutes until the meat is ready, then take it out, cut it into pieces and send it back.
6. Cook the vermicelli separately in lightly salted water. This is necessary so that the broth does not become cloudy due to sediment.
7. Peel, rinse and finely chop the potatoes. Dip slices in broth, cook for 5 minutes.
8. Then fill the soup with boiled noodles.

Second

The main dishes are also vegetables or meat. Cutlets, pasta, meatballs and meatballs are mainly steamed. The meat can be mashed, goulash, and even beef stroganoff or souffle. In the recipe for the last dish, the minced meat is mixed with milk sauce, yolk and beaten egg whites. The soufflé is already suitable for the stage when you start to gradually introduce foods with a moderate degree of allergenicity. Vegetables can be served as a side dish to meat, but are only cooked, boiled or cooked, as frying increases the allergy to the ingredients.

Puree soup with cabbage and zucchini

The advantage of puree soup is the homogeneous soft texture, due to which the dish does not irritate the stomach and intestines. In such recipes, not only meat is used, but also vegetables. An unusual combination - zucchini and cauliflower. The first vegetable has a neutral taste and is therefore combined with many ingredients. In addition, they have no contraindications. Cauliflower is not recommended for gastrointestinal problems.

Components:

• zucchini - 2-3 pcs.
• onion head - 1 pc. ;
• celery - 5-7 stems;
• parsley - 1-2 branches.
• water or weak vegetable broth - 1 liter.
• cauliflower - 1 small head of cabbage.
• low-fat sour cream - 100 g.

Cooking method:

1. Divide the cauliflower inflorescences into smaller ones, peel the zucchini and then rinse the vegetables, including the celery.
2. Cut the onion head into cubes. Repeat the same with zucchini, celery, cauliflower.
3. Put all the vegetables in the bottom of a saucepan and cover with water. Boil, simmer until the ingredients are soft.
4. Then cool, transfer to a bowl of blender, beat until smooth.
5. Put the mass back in the pot, add sour cream, simmer on low heat for a few minutes.
6. When serving, sprinkle with chopped herbs.

Steam pasta

Knees are understood as one of the types of pasta - small balls made with minced meat from fish, poultry or other meat. The difference between the mass of the pasta and the mass of the cutlet is that it is more fluffy and tender. For this reason, pasta is more suitable for children's and dietary hypoallergenic diets. Another feature of such a dish is the steam, due to which the meat retains more vitamins. In addition, steam extinguishing is easier for the stomach to digest.

Components:

• low-fat milk - 2 tbsp.
• egg whites - 2 pcs. ;
• beef pulp - 800 g;
• wheat bread - 1 slice.

Cooking method:

1. Soak the bread in half the whole portion of milk, leave for half an hour.
2. Right now, chop the meat through a meat grinder.
3. Squeeze the bread, add to the minced meat, grind everything with a sieve.
4. Mix the resulting mass well, add the egg whites.
5. Pour the remaining milk.
6. Shape the minced meat into medium balls and put it on a steamed plate. Cook for 15 minutes.

Dessert

Although sweets are prohibited on a hypoallergenic diet, you can diversify your menu with goodies. You just have to cook them properly. The best hypoallergenic desserts are based on fruit, kefir or cottage cheese. The main thing is that the fermented dairy products are not sour. An ordinary pear, cut into pieces or ground into a puree, will add sweetness. Cottage cheese is the best base for a pot. It can also be prepared by adding permitted fruits. Baked apples are a popular dessert of the latter. They are even combined with cottage cheese - it turns out delicious and healthy.

Casserole with cottage cheese

As eggs belong to the category of products with a high degree of allergenic action, their use with a hypoallergenic diet is not recommended, especially for children. The pot can be made without these ingredients. The flour is also easy to replace with semolina, which will give the dish a dense consistency. To add a sweet taste, it is allowed to add any hypoallergenic fruit to the curd. Sugar should be added after the end of a strict diet, ie after 7-10 days.

Components:

• pear - 3 pcs. ;
• low fat cottage cheese - 400 g.
• sugar - 1 teaspoon;
• semolina - 4 tbsp. l. ;
• kefir or yogurt without additives - 3 tbsp. large.

Cooking method:

1. Take a bowl, where to put cottage cheese with yogurt or kefir, mix well.
2. Add cereal, sugar. Stir again.
3. Wash the pears, peel, chop finely.
4. Add fruit to the curd mass, mix, transfer to an oiled pan.
5. Send in the oven for half an hour. The optimum temperature is 180 degrees.

Baked apples

This is the most popular dietary and at the same time hypoallergenic dessert. As allergy sufferers are not advised to eat fresh fruit, they can be cooked. It will turn out not only delicious, but also good for the stomach. Apples are the perfect fruit for this dessert. They are baked not only in the oven, but also in the microwave, so the delicacy is prepared very quickly and easily. To make the dessert even more useful, you can fill the fruit with cottage cheese. Do not just use recipes where honey has to be added to the apple.

Components:

• apple - 3 pcs. ;
• low fat cream - 2 tbsp. l. ;
• cottage cheese - 100 g;
• vanillin - on the tip of a knife.

Cooking method:

1. Rinse the apples, cut the core, but so that the bottom of the fruit remains intact and a kind of cup is formed.
2. Mix the cottage cheese with sour cream, add vanillin, bring the mass to a homogeneous texture.
3. Fill the apples with the curd mixture.
4. Place the fruit in a pan, send it to cook for 25-30 minutes at 200 degrees.